Once the desired format and images are assembled, they are photographed to produce transparencies. Imaging operations begin with composition and typesetting and are followed by the production of a photographic negative or positive.

In general, the imaging and post-press operations are fairly similar for all printing technologies. Printing and Related Support Activities Sector (NAICS 323) Major Types of Printing Processes The emissions result from evaporation of VOC and HAP contained in the inks during the printing process.įor a more detailed description of the printing and publishing technologies select one of the following links. The emissions from the industry are primarily Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) and organic Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAP). In the post-press step, the printed material may receive any one of numerous finishing operations, depending on the desired form of the final product. In printing, ink is applied to the plate and the image is transferred to the substrate. In pre-press operations, an image carrier is produced that can transfer the ink in the image area and can repel the ink in non-image areas. The image on the film is transferred to the image carrier or plate. The production of a photographic image involves a variety of chemicals similar to those used in other fields of photography. Traditionally, this image is produced photographically, but with increasing frequency the image is produced electronically. The first step in the printing process, imaging, produces an image of the material to be printed. The type of printing process used depends on a variety of factors, including the substrate (e.g., paper, plastic, metal, ceramic, etc.), the length and speed of the print run, the required print image quality, and the end product. The fundamental steps in printing are referred to as imaging, pre-press, printing, and post-press operations. The equipment, applications, and chemicals for each of these processes differ however, they all print an image on a substrate following the same basic sequence. It is estimated that 97 percent of all printing activities can be categorized within five different printing processes: lithography, gravure, flexography, letterpress, and screen printing. Applicable Standard Industry Classifications Codes.

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